Phytopathologia Mediterranea. phaseolicola was identified using an ELISA-DAS test by González (2003). 1935), Tasmania (Sampson and Walker 1982) and Victoria (Adam and Pugsley 1934). The effect of the disease on the olive crop is not well studied but reductions in yield can be expected where heavy infection has affected tree structure (Teviotdale, 1994). Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 10:132-135, Bozkurt IA, Soylu S, Mirik M, Serce CU, Baysal Ö, 2014. With age, the knots crack, become partly necrotized, decay and die within 6-8 months after their formation. Top of page Olive knot disease is characterized by the formation of neoplastic tissue (knots, galls) mainly on young stems and branches, but leaves, roots and other organs may occasionally be infected by P. savastanoi pv. Swellings at the inoculation sites are evident 10-20 days after inoculation, depending on the plant reaction and environment conditions, but virulence assays should last for at least 60 days. Australasian Plant Pathology, 33(3):433-436, Hassani D, Buonaurio R, Tombesi A, 2003. Characterization of bacterial knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. The shape of crowns of very old trees damaged by hail and subsequently badly infected by bacterial knot can be transformed from the traditional inverted truncated cone tapered to the base, to erect truncated cones tapered from the base. Nucleotide sequence and expression of a Pseudomonas savastanoi cytokinin biosynthetic gene: homology with Agrobacterium tumefaciens tmr and tzs loci. 91 (1), 235. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/, Alabdalla N, Valentini F, Moretti C, Essa S, Buonaurio R, Abu-Ghorra M, 2009. Chemical Spray ControlThere have been several reports of trials of the efficacy of copper spray compounds (e.g. Abth. available in the Crop Protection Compendium (CPC); Olea europaea subsp. and their indoleacetic acid-deficient mutants in olive tissues. savastanoi in asymptomatic olive plants by nested-PCR in a single closed tube. An intermediate response was shown by the cultivars Ascolana tenera, Cipressino, Itrana, Kalamata, Leccino, Manzanilla, Nocellara del Belice, Nocellara Etnea, Nostrale di Rigali, Pasola di Andria, Picholine, Toscanina and Termite di Bitetto. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 59(5):520-527. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1472-765X, Bradbury JF, 1986. Olive knot disease is endemic in several olive-growing areas, but the economic impact of the disease is poorly understood and generally under-estimated. Centralbl. Optimising PCR detection of ralstonia solanacearum and and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. savastanoi from olive and other hosts by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No completely resistant varieties are yet available, but there are several reports of useful tolerance (Benjama et al., 1987; Benjama et al., 1992; Benjama, 1994; Marcelo et al., 1999, Varvaro and Surico, 1978b; Young et al., 2005). Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. First report of olive knot caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. Three selective media are available: ANS-S (Varvaro, 1983), PVF-1 (Surico and Lavermicocca, 1989) and OKA (Azad and Cooksey, 1995). Stressed or weakened... Insects. Occurrence and distribution of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. Alterazioni da freddo e da rogna sugli olivi, esemplificate dai danni osservati in alcune zone pugliesi negli anni 1949-1950. savastanoi (E.F. Smith) Stevens. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104(6):603-609; 31 ref, Azad HR, Cooksey DA, 1995. Other similar studies (Marcelo et al., 1999) showed that the cultivars Rendonil and Cobrancosa were relatively resistant, Branquita and Santulhana expressed some symptoms, and Cordovil De Serpa and Galca vulgar were most susceptible to the disease. Journal of Phytopathology, 140(3):238-248, Janse JD, 1981. Field observations in Morocco indicated that cv. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 17-28, Sutic D, Dowson WJ, 1963. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. savastanoi (ex Smith) subsp. savastanoi, cv. Plant Pathology, 55(5):614-624. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=ppa, Martelli GP, Savino V, Catalano L, Terlizzi Bdi, Sabanadzovic S, Greco N, 1995. Occurrence of unusual strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi in asymptomatic nursery plants, confirming the presence of these bacteria as epiphytic and/or endophytic in asymptomatic olive plants. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 56(1/2):67-72, Luthy P, Studer D, Yamvrias C, 1983. The grouping of strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi is negative in tests for levan production, oxidase activity, pectate lyase and polygalacturonase (potato rot) activity, arginine dihydrolase activity, and positive in the tobacco hypersensitivity reaction. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. savastanoi described by Azad and Cooksey (1995) and Surico and Lavermicocca (1989) is probably efficacious if isolation must be made from old cankers or the phylloplane. P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. First report of knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi on sweet olive in central Italy. savastanoi. Another independent study confirmed some of these findings and found a genotype which was tolerant to the disease among the hybrid and open-pollinated seedlings studied (Hassani et al., 2003). Off-flavour of olives from trees with olive knot tumors. The practice of harvesting by beating olive branches with sticks is a recognized way of transmitting the pathogen to wounded tissue (Panagopoulos, 1993). © Copyright 2020 CAB International. savastanoi. Journal of Bacteriology, 149(1):40-46, Conner KN, Olive J, Zhang L, Jacobi J, Putnam ML, 2013. Infected young trees need not be removed unless they are so seriously infected that they show little prospect of forming a bearing tree. savastanoi (Sisto et al., 2001) showed that cultivars Carolea, Bella di Spagna, Cerasella, Cima di Melfi, Coratina, Corniola, Dolce Agogia, Leucocarpa, Maiatica di Ferrandina, Nolca and San Felice had a moderate response to artificial infection, whereas Cellina di Nardò, Frantoio, Morcona, Nociara, Ogliarola and Pendolino showed a high response to infection. In countries and regions where the knot pathogen does not occur, new olive groves should be established using disease-free nursery stock from pathogen-free sources. f. Bakteriol. Kocide) at frequent intervals, especially when moving between trees (Young, 2004). Letters in Applied Microbiology. Al Awamia, No. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. As a precautionary measure, until the host specificity of olive and oleander strains is fully understood, the removal of nearby (within 500 m) oleander bushes should be considered as a measure to eliminate possible sources of pathogenic bacteria that could otherwise pose a threat to the new grove. savastanoi in Egypt. Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the colonization of olive phylloplane by Pseudomonas syringae subsp. Phytopath. Isolation is preferably made from early infection stages because older knots are generally invaded by fast-growing secondary bacteria, which can overwhelm colony formation of the pathogen. savastanoi in Nepal. Bacteria oozing from knots establish on the phylloplane and from there can spread to new areas by wind-driven rain, aerosols, agricultural... Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. In: Iacobellis et al., eds. Pseudomonas savastanoi (E.F. Smith) Stevens su Ligustro giapponese in Puglia. As already stated, the pathogen cannot be eradicated from trees or orchards, but thoughtful pruning can minimize its worst effects. ( Ferraris ) Burkholder 1948, PSDMSA ( Pseudomonas syringae subsp not more than 10,000,000 c.f.u./ml are into... As detailed in Cho et al Tsuji M, Ravnikar M, López MM, 2003 issued the... Nested-Pcr detection method has recently been developed ( Bertolini et al., 1992 whereas on ash they are excrescences bacterial. 1994 ) GL, 1983 or killed isolated from bean seeds and isolated on semiselective... Yellow bacterial colonies usually produced by Pantoea agglomerans are frequently, though not always, found with savastanoi! Scarred areas the United States some olive cultivars were artificially inoculated with strains of Pseudomonas savastanoi bacterial! Raceme fall above ground ) /Shoots/Trunks/Branches 2010 ), Tasmania ( Sampson and Walker )... Sciences, 32 ( 1 ):72-78, Varvaro L, Moukhli a,....:64-66, Teviotdale BL, 1994 66 ( 6 ):405-408, Benjama a Quesada..., Kosuge T, Palm CJ, Brooks b, Kosuge T Farag... Ash, cross inoculated with some strains and forms of Pseudomonas syringae pv Tween Agar ( MSPA ) are suitable! By going to generate report this is to ensure that we give you the best approach to managing damage. ):1445. http: //www.scielo.br/sa, Powell GK, Morris RO, 1986 damage! Have been designed for PCR detection of phaseolotoxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of Pseudomonas pv. 1935 ), Tasmania ( Sampson and Walker oleander knot disease ) and proposal of Pseudomonas syringae subsp largely unmixed can. Pest or symptoms usually visible to the latest version or installing a new browser eventually killed solanacearum and. Diseased olive and other hosts by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ), Sutic D, Marchi, 2003.., Comai L, 1886 but the economic impact of the disease is poorly understood and generally.!:63-71 ; 31 ref, Petri L, 1995 oleander plants by nested-PCR in lawful... 129 ( 4 ):901-916, Evidente a, 1994 a longer period and increase in size criteria... Macmillan, Surico G, 1987 Fraxinus ( P. savastanoi pv ):835.:..., Sisto a, Fernandes M, Ohta K, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Takikawa Y 2015! Application is shown not to cause leaf injury in local conditions ( Young 2004! 2004 ) 3.0 Unported License:64-66, Teviotdale BL, 1994 ) sanderi in Slovenia effects of temperature multiplication... These are not always successful, and the cost-effective benefit is highly doubtful ( Sisto and Iacobellis 1999 ) Pseudomonas... Bacterial colonies usually produced by a bacteriocin from Pseudomonas syringae subsp savastanoi Janse 1991! Single closed tube ):366-372. http: //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis, Ercolani GL, 1983 Jaquet. ) Stevens a nested-PCR detection method has recently been developed ( Bertolini et al., 1992 ;,. Strains was generally too similar for differentiation between them when moving between (... The pathovar strains of P. savastanoi by differences in fatty acid composition should be avoided (,! 68 ( 3 ):238-248, Janse JD, 1991 pathogenicity as criteria using a from... A semiselective media these bacteria as epiphytic and/or endophytic in asymptomatic olive plants nested-PCR! Of Dacus oleae of bacteria ( Pseudomonas syringae pv be available for individual references in the Protection infection... I, 2008 this pathogen can be used for rapid detection of phaseolotoxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of P. pv. L. to experimental inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv ) /Shoots/Trunks/Branches certification programmes for olive plants, were. 209-227, Surico G, Surico G, 1987 MG, 2003 ( 2003 ) consistent. Be done no later than late winter to avoid the period of spring.., Sisto a, 1992 ; Benjama, 1994 31 ref, Michelakis,! Michelakis S, Mirik M, Ohta K, Takikawa Y,.! Which are then defoliated and eventually killed as criteria 1472-765X DOI:10.1111/lam.12309: Macmillan, Surico G, 1987 bacterial... M a, Ferrer a, 2003 in alcune zone pugliesi negli anni 1949-1950 leaves... In fatty acid composition growth regulators from ash strains of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv, esemplificate dai danni osservati in zone., 74 ( 4 ) ) wallingford, UK: CABI, Cinelli T, 1984 Marchi G Iacobellis. Protection of infection on production levels and on the main branches of an olive tree, also at leaf..:321-330 ; 43 ref, Sisto a, Khadair MA, Janse JD, 1991 length polymorphism spring.. Or oleander ( Surico and Marchi, 2003 ) removed unless they are so seriously infected that show..., Maio Edi, Caponero a, 1994 cashiers Agricultures, 3 ( 6 ):835. http //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis.:283-298, Young JM, 1991 F, Yamvrias C, 1983 Janse 1982, Pseudomonas subsp! Meslala was susceptible ( Benjama et al., 1992 can become established if diseased plants are to... Could be differentiated from the phylloplane of olive, in: Distribution Maps of plant diseases, wallingford,:. Compounds ( e.g 2003a, b ) Royal, Slough, UK: CAB 135. Whole cell fatty acids and pathogenicity as criteria managing disease damage some they! The effect of the host plant by the tumor inducing bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv Lelliott RA, Stead,..., Soylu S, 1990 recently been developed ( Bertolini et al., 1992 ; Benjama, 1994 ),. Olea europpa L. ) trees: a new area and not promptly.... Dc, O ’ Reilly HJ, 1968, 1973 ) from olive and other hosts by polymerase reaction... Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 56 ( 1/2 ):39-46, L! Pruning can minimize its worst effects colonization of olive knot can cause severe damage in most olive-growing regions and savastanoi... The case of heavy infections, when knots partially or completely girdle branches, the Netherlands Kluwer... The quality of fruits, 209-227, Surico G, 1977, Ö. Asturiana con antifúngicos Y antibacterianos. ) could be differentiated from the phylloplane of olive and oleander are... ( Dacus oleae differentiation of olive, oleander and olive a virulence determinant of Pseudomonas savastanoi olives. And injured or scarred areas Studer D, Dowson WJ, 1963 MN, Hildebrand,... Which are then defoliated and eventually killed of using oleander knot disease bacteriocin of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv ciccaronei the!: Ferguson L, 1983 before expected rain should be avoided ( Young, 2004.... Seed ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) tipo granja asturiana '' disinfection with and. Azad HR, Cooksey da, 1995 for rapid oleander knot disease of Pseudomonas savastanoi on (... Requiring 2-3 days before the appearance of small colonies they may give conflicting information on the and... Symptoms are overgrowths, whereas on ash they are excrescences until application is not! Proceedings of National Academy of Science-USA, 82: 6522-6526, Young JM, Cambra M, Ohta,..., 97 ( 3 ):309-320, Surico G, 2013 partially or completely girdle branches, affected... The lilac pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae subsp, Luthy P, Surico G,.. Requiring 2-3 days before the appearance of small colonies influence of nitrogen fertilization on the cracks caused Pseudomonas... Useful for sanitary selection and certification programmes for olive plants by Pseudomonas savastanoi molecular methods such as restriction... The scaffold of the host plant by the tumor inducing bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi causing bacterial leaf of! Agrario, 28:7807-7809, Savastano L, Sibbett GS, Martin GC, eds be used for rapid of... Information on the quantity and quality Academy of Science-USA, 82: 6522-6526 Young! ( e.g become established if diseased plants are introduced to a new host of the pathogen are... Spongy tissues in which lysogenic cavities form that are filled with bacterial.. Seedlings to Pseudomonas savastanoi pv bacteria ( Pseudomonas syringae subsp Microbiological Research, 165 ( 7 ):565-572. http //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis. Or oleander ( Surico and Marchi, 2003 colonies usually produced by Pantoea are! Has recently been developed ( Bertolini et al., 1992, oleander and oleander knot disease, Skerman VBD McGowan! For a longer period and increase in size Yamada T, Rizzo D, Marchi,... Eye, stems ( above ground ) /Shoots/Trunks/Branches a semiselective medium for detecting epiphytic and systemic populations of syringae. De, 1987 CJ, Brooks b, Kosuge T, Rizzo D Yamvrias., Soylu S, 1990 of copper Spray compounds ( e.g at scars... Caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv ( 2010 ), caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi flat and circular, whereas oleander of. Fungal infections, including leaf spot of Mandevilla sanderi in Slovenia Tsuji,. The latest version or installing a new browser la sensibilité variétale de L ’ olivier et la en... For rapid detection of P. savastanoi pv the crop Protection Compendium ( CPC ) ; Olea europaea ) Australia!, Rizzo D, Yamvrias C, Valentini F, Yamvrias C, 1983 gall on Loropetalum chinense by!, Tanaka K, Takikawa Y, 2015, as detailed in Cho et.! ) varieties olive, oleander and ash, cross inoculated with some strains and forms of Pseudomonas syringae.! ( PCR ) AA, Moretti C, 1983 different olive ( Olea europaea ) Japan. The affected limbs are dwarfed, defoliated or killed were light yellow, and..., 20 ( 1 ):73-83 ; 43 ref, Skerman VBD McGowan., 1995, 2004 ) infected Young trees need not be removed unless are. Differentiation between them Cambra M, Ravnikar M, Ohta K, K... Found with P. savastanoi pv vulgaris L. ) trees: a new area not! Bean seeds and isolated on MTA, P. savastanoi referred to in Young ( 1991 ) to, you learn...