Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. Romania is the largest country in Southeastern Europe and the twelfth-largest in Europe, having an area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi). [158][161][162] Although minorities could establish their own schools, Romanian language, history and geography could only be taught in Romanian. Economic growth accelerated in the midst of government liberalisations in opening up new sectors to competition and investment—most notably, energy and telecoms. Minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat, areas in the north and west of the country, which were part of the Kingdom of Hungary (after 1867 the Austria-Hungary) until the end of World War I. [117] The organization of the Transylvanian Military Frontier caused further disturbances, especially among the Székelys in 1764. In October 2011, Romanians made up 88.9% of the population. [135], The Treaty of Paris put the Danubian Principalities under the collective guardianship of the Great Powers in 1856. Thus, Communist Romania was the only Warsaw Pact country which refused to participate in the Soviet-led 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia. [358] After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, a significant number of Romanians emigrated to other European countries, North America or Australia. [354] Women’s Handball: CSM Bucharest Wins Champions League Trophy! 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[425] Țuică is a strong plum brandy reaching a 70% alcohol content which is the country's traditional alcoholic beverage, taking as much as 75% of the national crop (Romania is one of the largest plum producers in the world). The largest ethnic … [150][151] The German and Austrian-Hungarian troops defeated the Romanian army and occupied three-quarters of the country by early 1917. [123][124], A census revealed that the Romanians were more numerous than any other ethnic group in Transylvania in 1733, but legislation continued to use contemptuous adjectives (such as "tolerated" and "admitted") when referring to them. [100], Princes Mircea I and Vlad III of Wallachia, and Stephen III of Moldavia defended their countries' independence against the Ottomans. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. Like other countries in the region, its population is expected to decline gradually in the coming years as a result of sub-replacement fertility rates and negative net migration rate. [188] In February 1947, the Paris Peace Treaties confirmed the return of Northern Transylvania to Romania, but they also legalised the presence of units of the Red Army in the country. [154] King Ferdinand again mobilised the Romanian army on behalf of the Entente Powers a day before Germany capitulated on 11 November 1918. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot ( various years ), ( 5 ) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and ( 6 ) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme. [394], The topic of the origin of Romanian culture began to be discussed by the end of the 18th century among the Transylvanian School scholars. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) The frigate the Regele Ferdinand participated in the 2011 military intervention in Libya. [157] Romania achieved its greatest territorial extent, expanding from the pre-war 137,000 to 295,000 km2 (53,000 to 114,000 sq mi). Timișoara [105] The Orthodox Romanian knezes ("chiefs") were excluded from the Union. [461], Tennis is the second most popular sport. [379] In 2018, the adult literacy rate was 98.8%. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions. [380] Kindergarten is optional between three and six years. [242] Some 3,700 plant species have been identified in the country, from which to date 23 have been declared natural monuments, 74 extinct, 39 endangered, 171 vulnerable, and 1,253 rare. [210][211], The subsequent disintegration of the Front produced several political parties, including most notably the Social Democratic Party (PDSR then PSD) and the Democratic Party (PD and subsequently PDL). [283], After 1989 the country experienced a decade of economic instability and decline, led in part by an obsolete industrial base and a lack of structural reform. [264] After the 2009 protests in Moldova and the subsequent removal of Communists from power, relations between the two countries have improved considerably. [27] Romania became the predominant spelling around 1975. Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. [174] Antonescu signed the Tripartite Pact of Germany, Italy and Japan on 23 November. [129] Taking advantage of the Greek War of Independence, a Wallachian lesser nobleman, Tudor Vladimirescu, stirred up a revolt against the Ottomans in January 1821, but he was murdered in June by Phanariot Greeks. [111][112] The neighboring powers forced him to abdicate in September, but he became a symbol of the unification of the Romanian lands in the 19th century. [6], Romania's population has declined steadily in recent years, from 21.83 million in 2002 to 19.95 million in 2014. At the country's 2011 census, 81.0% of respondents identified as Orthodox Christians belonging to the Romanian Orthodox Church. 4/2015 37 – 44Romanian Oil Industry Decline", "Romania Expects to be Energy Independent Despite Ukraine Crisis", "Contractul pentru unitatile 3 si 4 de la centrala nucleara Cernavoda se va parafa in mai. [172] Romania was forced to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union on 26 June 1940, Northern Transylvania to Hungary on 30 August, and Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria in September.