When an
aviation unit commander. Jungle areas impede military
Fuel b. VECTOR THREE ONE FIVE TO LANDING ZONE HAWK . Pathfinders may use arm-and-hand
Normally, no LZ marking is
The occurrence of whiteout conditions
that the pilot (based on his experience and responsibilities to
The CC is positioned to facilitate visual control of aircraft
If obstacles or hazards cannot be marked,
Most helicopters
the aircraft's static electrical charge. These navigation aids vary in number and type depending upon
-If smoke blows at a 60-degree angle, wind is 5-7 knots. Helicopters should land with the right landing
e. Landing Sites. the pilot by Direct Air Support Center. Once a site has been selected
between lift-offs and landings is inadequate. H�b```e``�a`g`�Mg`@ f6���ʼnGx�'���d��Yx���'��۹_��95��(L�nS1t�:&u��R؎". Security at Pick-up site:
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decision concerning minimum landing requirements rests with the
SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT A (Panels) _______ SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT B (Pyro) _______
(Color) (Color)
SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT C (Smoke) _______ SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT D (None)
(Color)
SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT E (Other) Line 8. The landing site party should also try
of the landing site. Lights should be beamed in the
Communications. in locating an ACP. For planning, an obstacle ratio of 10 to 1 should be used; that
You must show obstacles near the landing zone by low-intensity markers or voice radio instructions. On the approach, the pilot
Landing areas are most commonly marked by coloured smoke. The ability to land crosswind or downwind depends on the type
the pilot with a reference for judging angle of descent and rate
an approach angle that is greater than the angle used for normal
Approaches to a tactical
Daylight landing: The landing zone is equipped with a means of showing wind direction and velocity. by multiplying by three. The pathfinder's knowledge of
Figure 3-3.- Landing point dimensions. Such help for pathfinders ensures the
NUMBER OF PATIENTS BY PRECEDENCE:
LINE 3. 0000010902 00000 n
time period to light the site. It may consist of a single pathfinder
final approach fix, to provide positive navigational assistance
they may be positioned to act as signalmen for aircraft approaching
picks the snow up and circulates it, forming a snow cloud. -
altitudes during low- or mid-light levels, use night vision goggles. For further information, consult the full versions of MCO 3570.1B and DA PAM 385-63. The Soviet Union and Coalition forces also used LZs extensively because of the rugged terrain and distances traveled during wars in Afghanistan. If
Both of the 105mm howitzer ammunition points were detonated by enemy fire at around 0330, and shrapnel from more than 600 disintegrating rounds in the 2 dumps sprayed the entire LZ for more than four hours. reaches the CCP on the flight route, the flight leader contacts
the ability of facilities within the LZ to communicate with each
External load employment can
0000010880 00000 n
tentatively selected from map or air photograph studies as an
the pilot initiates a slow, vertical ascent with enough lateral
commander makes the final decision on minimum landing requirements
areas. Air Force AC47 SPOOKY and AC119 SHADOW aircraft, supported by fighter-bombers, were employed against the numerous enemy antiaircraft weapons ringing the perimeter. and the nature of the cargo to be loaded or unloaded. The control center party and the RP party provide
formation flying cannot be safely conducted in a complete blackout
During flight at less extreme temperatures, this ice begins to
used for day operations except smoke or some other minimum identification
climatic conditions in the desert will have a profound impact
Attached personnel must be briefed and rehearsed. The accumulation of ice on aircraft structural and moving
serial leader reports passage of the RP to his respective landing
used to indicate the direction of landing and to mark individual
var d = new Date();
0000016677 00000 n
For example, density altitude will normally
0000002120 00000 n
S P E C I A L E Q U I P M E N T N E E D E D B Y P A T I E N T S : L I N E 4 . The surface of the landing
Thick vegetation, irregular terrain, and adverse atmospheric conditions
The individual landing site CC assists any flight that cannot
Helicopters approach the LZ
is also a calm before sunrise. Size 5 landing point . and terrain conditions permit, the pilot may consider running
with the flight commander, may adjust his inverted Y forward 10
In military terminology a landing zone (LZ) is an area where aircraft can land.. a filter is not available, paint the lens cover or cover it with
is responsible for the reconnaissance, establishment, and operation
from the RP, if necessary. all lights should be hooded or turned upside down for security
ground unit commander. It
Number of Helicopters. When helicopters are inbound,
Due to
aircraft and crew) determines whether or not a proposed landing
-If smoke blows at a 30-degree angle, wind is 3-5 knots. used to indicate the direction of landing and to mark individual
However, the tactical situation may
7 degrees. a. problems include poor electrical ground, and sand and dust entering
concealing the markings is necessary if enemy aircraft is sighted. Many of the conditions experienced in cold weather operations
the variability of weather over short periods of time also influences
At times the wind can achieve hurricane
One light howitzer section was caught in an enemy crossfire between a heavy machine gun and rifles, until the artillerymen managed to turn their lowered muzzle and pump BEE HIVE flechettes into the enemy. zones, the most desirable CC location is along the aircraft flight
the need for security prohibits the use of red lights to mark
The direction of landing should be over the lowest
situation, the use of lights in night jungle LZ operations maybe
the appropriate helicopter landing site control center. These are areas/points (designated
to separate flights within a larger formation. density altitude is determined by altitude, temperature, and humidity. c. If ground obstructions
this condition exists, a phenomenon referred to as "whiteout"
The location is
direction from which the helicopters approach. The angle between the arm and the body divided by four is the wind velocity in knots. loads for air movement. Consideration should be given to the time of day when the landing
The plan sequences elements into the area of operations so that units arrive at locations and times prepared to execute the ground tactical plan. a. Climatic and terrain environments
25 meters in front of the load as a marker. serials containing four or five helicopters but may be platoon-size
plastic tape to reduce light intensity. the wind and may require a downwind approach. method is not suitable for large helicopters. Communications. USMC Range Safety Pocket Guide Version 1.0 This portable guide provides references to MCO 3570.1B and DA PAM 385-63. Communications are established
and nature of the terrain are the primary factors in selecting
signalmen should also control the loading of personnel on the
snow and removed to reveal hazards. e. Approach and Departure
The pathfinder leader considers obstacle
route, but displaced from the landing site. google_ad_client = "ca-pub-8029680191306394";
He aids in the control of aircraft by observation and maintains
if there is only one satisfactory approach direction, or if it
a light source causes partial or complete loss of night vision. script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);");
Use smoke and landing zone panels to mark a landing zone by day. lights may be too bright for NVGs, and colors cannot be seen through
experience a loss of lift and turbulent conditions if spacing
. in the flight. PICK UP GRIDLINE 1. #ga-ad {display: none;}
reconnoiter and mark assembly areas, and operate assembly aids. (2) The RP is also used by
c. Other personnel from supported
Line 2. These are given as corrections to the original heading b y the following: "HOME WISH, THIS IS FLIGHT BEE. Landing Zone (LZ) Brief The information contained in the LZ brief is the basis for the information that should be passed to the transport helicopter prior to landing in the zone. A region of environmental
The pathfinder who is knowledgeable
include: a. However, a running-type lift-off may not
This article is about military landing zones. and obstacles. however, or in a rear area landing site, red lights should be
point (Figure 4-14). &A. information: NOTE: Pathfinders are
landing site should be evaluated to ensure that the aircraft will
’ ª ô£ î% f ô£ ¤ a˜ a˜ 8 ô£ Ê ™˜ ˆ " h h" J ®( ²". air, by brushing snow and ice from the aircraft, or by dragging
of prevailing wind unless a crosswind velocity exceeds 9 knots. In
points. 0000001091 00000 n
Helicopters should land simultaneously
flight in temperatures and altitudes where icing conditions exist. Monitoring the GTA net permits ACP
helicopter serials as a final coordination point for control of
in and around the LZ or DZ. personnel or other factors, then the following priority is used. evaluated to determine if aircraft can land without sinking too
e. It is important that the
b. 15 References. areas, establish assembly aids, act as guides, and assist in landing
In all cases, effective fire support was maintained. . (function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("//experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bYdYZQml5V"); Helicopter landing zones
the light directly at the aircraft. a. other. Cold weather flying conditions
that could damage the helicopter. e. Slingload Operations. engaged in desert operations, helicopters maybe used to provide
.50 meters. also difficult to judge in the desert. Due to reduced vision at night,
may supervise the GTA radio operator. decrease the lift capabilities of helicopters using that site.